509 lines
16 KiB
Groff
509 lines
16 KiB
Groff
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.14 (Pod::Simple 3.42)
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
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.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
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.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
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.tr \(*W-
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'br\}
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
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.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
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.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
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.\"
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.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
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.de IX
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..
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. nr F 2
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.\}
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.\"
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.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
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. ds #] \&
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.\}
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.\}
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "GDB 1"
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.TH GDB 1 "2023-02-11" "gdb-12.1" "GNU Development Tools"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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gdb \- The GNU Debugger
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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gdb [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\fIprog\fR|\fIprog\fR \fIprocID\fR|\fIprog\fR \fIcore\fR]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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The purpose of a debugger such as \s-1GDB\s0 is to allow you to see what is
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going on \*(L"inside\*(R" another program while it executes \*(-- or what another
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program was doing at the moment it crashed.
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.PP
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\&\s-1GDB\s0 can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
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these) to help you catch bugs in the act:
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Make your program stop on specified conditions.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
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effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
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.PP
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You can use \s-1GDB\s0 to debug programs written in C, \*(C+, Fortran and
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Modula\-2.
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.PP
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\&\s-1GDB\s0 is invoked with the shell command \f(CW\*(C`gdb\*(C'\fR. Once started, it reads
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commands from the terminal until you tell it to exit with the \s-1GDB\s0
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command \f(CW\*(C`quit\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`exit\*(C'\fR. You can get online help from \s-1GDB\s0 itself
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by using the command \f(CW\*(C`help\*(C'\fR.
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.PP
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You can run \f(CW\*(C`gdb\*(C'\fR with no arguments or options; but the most
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usual way to start \s-1GDB\s0 is with one argument or two, specifying an
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executable program as the argument:
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& gdb program
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.Ve
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.PP
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You can also start with both an executable program and a core file specified:
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& gdb program core
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.Ve
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.PP
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You can, instead, specify a process \s-1ID\s0 as a second argument or use option
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\&\f(CW\*(C`\-p\*(C'\fR, if you want to debug a running process:
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& gdb program 1234
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\& gdb \-p 1234
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.Ve
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.PP
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would attach \s-1GDB\s0 to process \f(CW1234\fR. With option \fB\-p\fR you
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can omit the \fIprogram\fR filename.
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.PP
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Here are some of the most frequently needed \s-1GDB\s0 commands:
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.IP "\fBbreak [\fR\fIfile\fR\fB:][\fR\fIfunction\fR\fB|\fR\fIline\fR\fB]\fR" 4
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.IX Item "break [file:][function|line]"
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Set a breakpoint at \fIfunction\fR or \fIline\fR (in \fIfile\fR).
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.IP "\fBrun [\fR\fIarglist\fR\fB]\fR" 4
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.IX Item "run [arglist]"
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Start your program (with \fIarglist\fR, if specified).
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.IP "\fBbt\fR" 4
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.IX Item "bt"
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Backtrace: display the program stack.
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.IP "\fBprint\fR \fIexpr\fR" 4
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.IX Item "print expr"
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|
Display the value of an expression.
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.IP "\fBc\fR" 4
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.IX Item "c"
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Continue running your program (after stopping, e.g. at a breakpoint).
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.IP "\fBnext\fR" 4
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.IX Item "next"
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Execute next program line (after stopping); step \fIover\fR any
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function calls in the line.
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.IP "\fBedit [\fR\fIfile\fR\fB:]\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4
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.IX Item "edit [file:]function"
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look at the program line where it is presently stopped.
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.IP "\fBlist [\fR\fIfile\fR\fB:]\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4
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.IX Item "list [file:]function"
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type the text of the program in the vicinity of where it is presently stopped.
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.IP "\fBstep\fR" 4
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.IX Item "step"
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Execute next program line (after stopping); step \fIinto\fR any
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function calls in the line.
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.IP "\fBhelp [\fR\fIname\fR\fB]\fR" 4
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.IX Item "help [name]"
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Show information about \s-1GDB\s0 command \fIname\fR, or general information
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about using \s-1GDB.\s0
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.IP "\fBquit\fR" 4
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.IX Item "quit"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fBexit\fR" 4
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.IX Item "exit"
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.PD
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Exit from \s-1GDB.\s0
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.PP
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For full details on \s-1GDB,\s0
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see \fIUsing \s-1GDB: A\s0 Guide to the \s-1GNU\s0 Source-Level Debugger\fR,
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by Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch. The same text is available online
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as the \f(CW\*(C`gdb\*(C'\fR entry in the \f(CW\*(C`info\*(C'\fR program.
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OPTIONS"
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Any arguments other than options specify an executable
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file and core file (or process \s-1ID\s0); that is, the first argument
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encountered with no
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associated option flag is equivalent to a \fB\-\-se\fR option, and the second,
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if any, is equivalent to a \fB\-c\fR option if it's the name of a file.
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Many options have
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both long and abbreviated forms; both are shown here. The long forms are also
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recognized if you truncate them, so long as enough of the option is
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present to be unambiguous.
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.PP
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The abbreviated forms are shown here with \fB\-\fR and long forms are shown
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with \fB\-\-\fR to reflect how they are shown in \fB\-\-help\fR. However,
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\&\s-1GDB\s0 recognizes all of the following conventions for most options:
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.ie n .IP """\-\-option=\fIvalue\fP""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-option=\f(CIvalue\f(CW\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--option=value"
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.PD 0
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.ie n .IP """\-\-option \fIvalue\fP""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-option \f(CIvalue\f(CW\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--option value"
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.ie n .IP """\-option=\fIvalue\fP""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW\-option=\f(CIvalue\f(CW\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-option=value"
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.ie n .IP """\-option \fIvalue\fP""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW\-option \f(CIvalue\f(CW\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-option value"
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.ie n .IP """\-\-o=\fIvalue\fP""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-o=\f(CIvalue\f(CW\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--o=value"
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.ie n .IP """\-\-o \fIvalue\fP""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-o \f(CIvalue\f(CW\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--o value"
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.ie n .IP """\-o=\fIvalue\fP""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW\-o=\f(CIvalue\f(CW\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-o=value"
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.ie n .IP """\-o \fIvalue\fP""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW\-o \f(CIvalue\f(CW\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-o value"
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.PD
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.PP
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All the options and command line arguments you give are processed
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in sequential order. The order makes a difference when the \fB\-x\fR
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option is used.
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.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--help"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-h"
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.PD
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List all options, with brief explanations.
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.IP "\fB\-\-symbols=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--symbols=file"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-s file"
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.PD
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|
Read symbol table from \fIfile\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-\-write\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--write"
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Enable writing into executable and core files.
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.IP "\fB\-\-exec=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--exec=file"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-e file"
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.PD
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|
Use \fIfile\fR as the executable file to execute when
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appropriate, and for examining pure data in conjunction with a core
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dump.
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.IP "\fB\-\-se=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--se=file"
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Read symbol table from \fIfile\fR and use it as the executable
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file.
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.IP "\fB\-\-core=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--core=file"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-c\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-c file"
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.PD
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Use \fIfile\fR as a core dump to examine.
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.IP "\fB\-\-command=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--command=file"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-x\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-x file"
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.PD
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Execute \s-1GDB\s0 commands from \fIfile\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-\-eval\-command=\fR\fIcommand\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--eval-command=command"
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|
.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-ex\fR \fIcommand\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-ex command"
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.PD
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|
Execute given \s-1GDB\s0 \fIcommand\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-\-init\-eval\-command=\fR\fIcommand\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--init-eval-command=command"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-iex\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-iex"
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.PD
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Execute \s-1GDB\s0 \fIcommand\fR before loading the inferior.
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.IP "\fB\-\-directory=\fR\fIdirectory\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--directory=directory"
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|
.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-d directory"
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.PD
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Add \fIdirectory\fR to the path to search for source files.
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.IP "\fB\-\-nh\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--nh"
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Do not execute commands from \fI~/.config/gdb/gdbinit\fR,
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\&\fI~/.gdbinit\fR, \fI~/.config/gdb/gdbearlyinit\fR, or
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\&\fI~/.gdbearlyinit\fR
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.IP "\fB\-\-nx\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--nx"
|
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-n\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-n"
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.PD
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Do not execute commands from any \fI.gdbinit\fR or
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\&\fI.gdbearlyinit\fR initialization files.
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.IP "\fB\-\-quiet\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--quiet"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-silent\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--silent"
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.IP "\fB\-q\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-q"
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.PD
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|
\&\*(L"Quiet\*(R". Do not print the introductory and copyright messages. These
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messages are also suppressed in batch mode.
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.IP "\fB\-\-batch\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--batch"
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|
Run in batch mode. Exit with status \f(CW0\fR after processing all the command
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|
files specified with \fB\-x\fR (and \fI.gdbinit\fR, if not inhibited).
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Exit with nonzero status if an error occurs in executing the \s-1GDB\s0
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commands in the command files.
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.Sp
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Batch mode may be useful for running \s-1GDB\s0 as a filter, for example to
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download and run a program on another computer; in order to make this
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more useful, the message
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.Sp
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.Vb 1
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\& Program exited normally.
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.Ve
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.Sp
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(which is ordinarily issued whenever a program running under \s-1GDB\s0 control
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terminates) is not issued when running in batch mode.
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.IP "\fB\-\-batch\-silent\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--batch-silent"
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Run in batch mode, just like \fB\-\-batch\fR, but totally silent. All \s-1GDB\s0
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output is supressed (stderr is unaffected). This is much quieter than
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\&\fB\-\-silent\fR and would be useless for an interactive session.
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.Sp
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This is particularly useful when using targets that give \fBLoading section\fR
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messages, for example.
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.Sp
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Note that targets that give their output via \s-1GDB,\s0 as opposed to writing
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directly to \f(CW\*(C`stdout\*(C'\fR, will also be made silent.
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.IP "\fB\-\-args\fR \fIprog\fR \fB[\fR\fIarglist\fR\fB]\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--args prog [arglist]"
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Change interpretation of command line so that arguments following this
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option are passed as arguments to the inferior. As an example, take
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the following command:
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.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& gdb ./a.out \-q
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
It would start \s-1GDB\s0 with \fB\-q\fR, not printing the introductory message. On
|
|
the other hand, using:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& gdb \-\-args ./a.out \-q
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
starts \s-1GDB\s0 with the introductory message, and passes the option to the inferior.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-pid=\fR\fIpid\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--pid=pid"
|
|
Attach \s-1GDB\s0 to an already running program, with the \s-1PID\s0 \fIpid\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-tui\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--tui"
|
|
Open the terminal user interface.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-readnow\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--readnow"
|
|
Read all symbols from the given symfile on the first access.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-readnever\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--readnever"
|
|
Do not read symbol files.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-dbx\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--dbx"
|
|
Run in \s-1DBX\s0 compatibility mode.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-return\-child\-result\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--return-child-result"
|
|
\&\s-1GDB\s0's exit code will be the same as the child's exit code.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-configuration\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--configuration"
|
|
Print details about \s-1GDB\s0 configuration and then exit.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--version"
|
|
Print version information and then exit.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-cd=\fR\fIdirectory\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--cd=directory"
|
|
Run \s-1GDB\s0 using \fIdirectory\fR as its working directory,
|
|
instead of the current directory.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-data\-directory=\fR\fIdirectory\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--data-directory=directory"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-D"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Run \s-1GDB\s0 using \fIdirectory\fR as its data directory. The data
|
|
directory is where \s-1GDB\s0 searches for its auxiliary files.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-fullname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--fullname"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-f\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-f"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Emacs sets this option when it runs \s-1GDB\s0 as a subprocess. It tells
|
|
\&\s-1GDB\s0 to output the full file name and line number in a standard,
|
|
recognizable fashion each time a stack frame is displayed (which
|
|
includes each time the program stops). This recognizable format looks
|
|
like two \fB\e032\fR characters, followed by the file name, line number
|
|
and character position separated by colons, and a newline. The
|
|
Emacs-to-GDB interface program uses the two \fB\e032\fR
|
|
characters as a signal to display the source code for the frame.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbaudrate\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-b baudrate"
|
|
Set the line speed (baud rate or bits per second) of any serial
|
|
interface used by \s-1GDB\s0 for remote debugging.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-l\fR \fItimeout\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-l timeout"
|
|
Set timeout, in seconds, for remote debugging.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-tty=\fR\fIdevice\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--tty=device"
|
|
Run using \fIdevice\fR for your program's standard input and output.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
|
The full documentation for \s-1GDB\s0 is maintained as a Texinfo manual.
|
|
If the \f(CW\*(C`info\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`gdb\*(C'\fR programs and \s-1GDB\s0's Texinfo
|
|
documentation are properly installed at your site, the command
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& info gdb
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
should give you access to the complete manual.
|
|
.PP
|
|
\&\fIUsing \s-1GDB: A\s0 Guide to the \s-1GNU\s0 Source-Level Debugger\fR,
|
|
Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch, July 1991.
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
Copyright (c) 1988\-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
|
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
|
|
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
|
|
Invariant Sections being \*(L"Free Software\*(R" and \*(L"Free Software Needs
|
|
Free Documentation\*(R", with the Front-Cover Texts being \*(L"A \s-1GNU\s0 Manual,\*(R"
|
|
and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.
|
|
.PP
|
|
(a) The \s-1FSF\s0's Back-Cover Text is: \*(L"You are free to copy and modify
|
|
this \s-1GNU\s0 Manual. Buying copies from \s-1GNU\s0 Press supports the \s-1FSF\s0 in
|
|
developing \s-1GNU\s0 and promoting software freedom.\*(R"
|