/* ################################################################################################# */ /* # << NEORV32 - RISC-V GCC Linker Script >> # */ /* # ********************************************************************************************* # */ /* # BSD 3-Clause License # */ /* # # */ /* # Copyright (c) 2022, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. # */ /* # # */ /* # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are # */ /* # permitted provided that the following conditions are met: # */ /* # # */ /* # 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of # */ /* # conditions and the following disclaimer. # */ /* # # */ /* # 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of # */ /* # conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials # */ /* # provided with the distribution. # */ /* # # */ /* # 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to # */ /* # endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written # */ /* # permission. # */ /* # # */ /* # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS # */ /* # OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF # */ /* # MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE # */ /* # COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, # */ /* # EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE # */ /* # GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED # */ /* # AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING # */ /* # NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED # */ /* # OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # */ /* # ********************************************************************************************* # */ /* # The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting # */ /* ################################################################################################# */ /* Default linker script, for normal executables . * Copyright (C) 2014-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. * Copying and distribution of this script, with or without modification, * are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright * notice and this notice are preserved. * Modified for the NEORV32 processor by Stephan Nolting. */ OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littleriscv") OUTPUT_ARCH(riscv) ENTRY(_start) SEARCH_DIR("/opt/riscv/riscv32-unknown-elf/lib") SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib") SEARCH_DIR("=/lib") SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib") /* ************************************************************************************************* */ /* +++ NEORV32 memory configuration +++ */ /* If the symbols are not explicitly defined the default configurations are used. If required, only */ /* edit the very last entry in each row. */ /* NOTE: section sizes have to be a multiple of 4 bytes; base addresses have to be 32-bit-aligned. */ /* ************************************************************************************************* */ /* Default rom/ram (IMEM/DMEM) sizes */ __neorv32_rom_size = DEFINED(__neorv32_rom_size) ? __neorv32_rom_size : 2048M; __neorv32_ram_size = DEFINED(__neorv32_ram_size) ? __neorv32_ram_size : 8K; /* Default HEAP size (= 0; no heap at all) */ __neorv32_heap_size = DEFINED(__neorv32_heap_size) ? __neorv32_heap_size : 0; /* Default section base addresses - do not change this unless the hardware-defined address space layout is changed! */ __neorv32_rom_base = DEFINED(__neorv32_rom_base) ? __neorv32_rom_base : 0x00000000; /* = VHDL package's "ispace_base_c" */ __neorv32_ram_base = DEFINED(__neorv32_ram_base) ? __neorv32_ram_base : 0x80000000; /* = VHDL package's "dspace_base_c" */ /* ************************************************************************************************* */ /* If compiling the bootloader, the rom section is automatically re-mapped to the processor-internal */ /* bootloader ROM address space. */ /* ************************************************************************************************* */ MEMORY { rom (rx) : ORIGIN = DEFINED(make_bootloader) ? 0xFFFF0000 : __neorv32_rom_base, LENGTH = DEFINED(make_bootloader) ? 32K : __neorv32_rom_size ram (rwx) : ORIGIN = __neorv32_ram_base, LENGTH = DEFINED(make_bootloader) ? 512 : __neorv32_ram_size iodev (rw) : ORIGIN = 0xFFFFFE00, LENGTH = 512 /* this is hardware-defined and should not be modified! */ } /* ************************************************************************************************* */ SECTIONS { /* First part of the actual executable file: actual instructions */ .text : ALIGN(4) { PROVIDE(__text_start = .); PROVIDE(__textstart = .); KEEP(*(.text.crt0)); /* keep start-up code crt0 right at the beginning of rom */ *(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely .text.unlikely.*) *(.text.exit .text.exit.*) *(.text.startup .text.startup.*) *(.text.hot .text.hot.*) *(SORT(.text.sorted.*)) *(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*) /* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf.em. */ *(.gnu.warning) KEEP (*(SORT_NONE(.init))) KEEP (*(SORT_NONE(.fini))) KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*))) KEEP (*(.ctors)) KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*))) KEEP (*(.dtors)) /* finish section on WORD boundary */ . = ALIGN(4); PROVIDE (__etext = .); PROVIDE (_etext = .); PROVIDE (etext = .); } > rom /* Second part of the actual executable: read-only data, placed right next to .text */ .rodata : ALIGN(4) { /* these are a list of 32-bit pointers that point to functions * that are called before/after executing "main". */ /* The following defines an array with constructors, which are called from crt0.s before "main", but of course after data init / bss clear. */ PROVIDE_HIDDEN(__init_array_start = .); KEEP (*(.preinit_array)) KEEP (*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*))) KEEP (*(.init_array EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN(__init_array_end = .); /* main should never return, but if it does, the destructors are called. */ PROVIDE_HIDDEN(__fini_array_start = .); KEEP (*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.fini_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.dtors.*))) KEEP (*(.fini_array EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN(__fini_array_end = .); /* constant data like strings */ *(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*) *(.rodata1) /* finish section on WORD boundary */ . = ALIGN(4); __RODATA_END__ = .; } > rom /* initialized read/write data, accessed in RAM, placed in ROM, copied during boot - not part of the final executable */ .data : ALIGN(4) { __DATA_BEGIN__ = .; __SDATA_BEGIN__ = .; *(.sdata2 .sdata2.* .gnu.linkonce.s2.*) *(.data1) *(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*) SORT(CONSTRUCTORS) *(.data.rel.ro.local* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.local.*) *(.data.rel.ro .data.rel.ro.* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) *(.dynamic) /* We want the small data sections together, so single-instruction offsets can access them all, and initialized data all before uninitialized, so we can shorten the on-disk segment size. */ *(.srodata.cst16) *(.srodata.cst8) *(.srodata.cst4) *(.srodata.cst2) *(.srodata .srodata.*) *(.sdata .sdata.* .gnu.linkonce.s.*) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__tdata_start = .); *(.tdata .tdata.* .gnu.linkonce.td.*) /* finish section on WORD boundary */ . = ALIGN(4); _edata = .; PROVIDE (edata = .); __DATA_END__ = .; __global_pointer$ = __DATA_END__ + 0x800; } > ram AT > rom /* zero/non-initialized read/write data placed in RAM - not part of the final executable */ .bss (NOLOAD): ALIGN(4) { __BSS_START__ = .; *(.dynsbss) *(.sbss .sbss.* .gnu.linkonce.sb.*) *(.sbss2 .sbss2.* .gnu.linkonce.sb2.*) *(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.tcommon) *(.scommon) *(.dynbss) *(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .); KEEP (*(.preinit_array)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .); *(COMMON) /* Align here to ensure that the .bss section occupies space up to _end. Align after .bss to ensure correct alignment even if the .bss section disappears because there are no input sections. FIXME: Why do we need it? When there is no .bss section, we do not pad the .data section. */ . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? 32 / 8 : 1); /* finish section on WORD boundary */ . = ALIGN(4); __BSS_END__ = .; _end = .; PROVIDE (end = .); } > ram /* heap for dynamic memory allocation (use carefully!) - not part of the final executable */ .heap : ALIGN(4) { PROVIDE(__heap_start = .); . = __neorv32_heap_size; /* finish section on WORD boundary */ . = ALIGN(4); PROVIDE(__heap_end = .); } > ram /* Yet unused */ .jcr : { KEEP (*(.jcr)) } .got : { *(.got.plt) *(.igot.plt) *(.got) *(.igot) } .interp : { *(.interp) } .note.gnu.build-id : { *(.note.gnu.build-id) } .hash : { *(.hash) } .gnu.hash : { *(.gnu.hash) } .dynsym : { *(.dynsym) } .dynstr : { *(.dynstr) } .gnu.version : { *(.gnu.version) } .gnu.version_d : { *(.gnu.version_d) } .gnu.version_r : { *(.gnu.version_r) } .rela.init : { *(.rela.init) } .rela.text : { *(.rela.text .rela.text.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.t.*) } .rela.fini : { *(.rela.fini) } .rela.rodata : { *(.rela.rodata .rela.rodata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.r.*) } .rela.data.rel.ro : { *(.rela.data.rel.ro .rela.data.rel.ro.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) } .rela.data : { *(.rela.data .rela.data.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.d.*) } .rela.tdata : { *(.rela.tdata .rela.tdata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.td.*) } .rela.tbss : { *(.rela.tbss .rela.tbss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.tb.*) } .rela.ctors : { *(.rela.ctors) } .rela.dtors : { *(.rela.dtors) } .rela.got : { *(.rela.got) } .rela.sdata : { *(.rela.sdata .rela.sdata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.s.*) } .rela.sbss : { *(.rela.sbss .rela.sbss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.sb.*) } .rela.sdata2 : { *(.rela.sdata2 .rela.sdata2.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.s2.*) } .rela.sbss2 : { *(.rela.sbss2 .rela.sbss2.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.sb2.*) } .rela.bss : { *(.rela.bss .rela.bss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.b.*) } /* Stabs debugging sections. */ .stab 0 : { *(.stab) } .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) } .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) } .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) } .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) } .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) } .comment 0 : { *(.comment) } .gnu.build.attributes : { *(.gnu.build.attributes .gnu.build.attributes.*) } /* DWARF debug sections. Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0. */ /* DWARF 1 */ .debug 0 : { *(.debug) } .line 0 : { *(.line) } /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */ .debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } .debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */ .debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } /* DWARF 2 */ .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) } .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line .debug_line.* .debug_line_end) } .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } .debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } .debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } .debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */ .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } .debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } /* DWARF 3 */ .debug_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_pubtypes) } .debug_ranges 0 : { *(.debug_ranges) } /* DWARF Extension. */ .debug_macro 0 : { *(.debug_macro) } .debug_addr 0 : { *(.debug_addr) } .gnu.attributes 0 : { KEEP (*(.gnu.attributes)) } /DISCARD/ : { *(.note.GNU-stack) *(.gnu_debuglink) *(.gnu.lto_*) } /* Export symbols for neorv32 crt0 start-up code */ PROVIDE(__crt0_max_heap = __neorv32_heap_size); PROVIDE(__crt0_imem_begin = ORIGIN(rom)); PROVIDE(__crt0_dmem_begin = ORIGIN(ram)); PROVIDE(__crt0_stack_begin = (ORIGIN(ram) + LENGTH(ram)) - 4); PROVIDE(__crt0_bss_start = __BSS_START__); PROVIDE(__crt0_bss_end = __BSS_END__); PROVIDE(__crt0_copy_data_src_begin = LOADADDR(.data)); PROVIDE(__crt0_copy_data_dst_begin = ADDR(.data)); PROVIDE(__crt0_copy_data_dst_end = ADDR(.data) + SIZEOF(.data)); PROVIDE(__crt0_io_space_begin = ORIGIN(iodev)); PROVIDE(__crt0_io_space_end = ORIGIN(iodev) + LENGTH(iodev)); }