/***************************************************************************** * CACTI 7.0 * SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT * Copyright 2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. * All Rights Reserved * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer; * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution; * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from * this software without specific prior written permission. * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.” * ***************************************************************************/ #include "wire.h" #include "cmath" // use this constructor to calculate wire stats Wire::Wire( enum Wire_type wire_model, double wl, int n, double w_s, double s_s, enum Wire_placement wp, double resistivity, /*TechnologyParameter::*/DeviceType *dt ):wt(wire_model), wire_length(wl*1e-6), nsense(n), w_scale(w_s), s_scale(s_s), resistivity(resistivity), deviceType(dt) { wire_placement = wp; min_w_pmos = deviceType->n_to_p_eff_curr_drv_ratio*g_tp.min_w_nmos_; in_rise_time = 0; out_rise_time = 0; if (initialized != 1) { cout << "Wire not initialized. Initializing it with default values\n"; Wire winit; } calculate_wire_stats(); // change everything back to seconds, microns, and Joules repeater_spacing *= 1e6; wire_length *= 1e6; wire_width *= 1e6; wire_spacing *= 1e6; assert(wire_length > 0); assert(power.readOp.dynamic > 0); assert(power.readOp.leakage > 0); assert(power.readOp.gate_leakage > 0); } // the following values are for peripheral global technology // specified in the input config file Component Wire::global; Component Wire::global_5; Component Wire::global_10; Component Wire::global_20; Component Wire::global_30; Component Wire::low_swing; int Wire::initialized; double Wire::wire_width_init; double Wire::wire_spacing_init; Wire::Wire(double w_s, double s_s, enum Wire_placement wp, double resis, /*TechnologyParameter::*/DeviceType *dt) { w_scale = w_s; s_scale = s_s; deviceType = dt; wire_placement = wp; resistivity = resis; min_w_pmos = deviceType->n_to_p_eff_curr_drv_ratio * g_tp.min_w_nmos_; in_rise_time = 0; out_rise_time = 0; switch (wire_placement) { case outside_mat: wire_width = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.pitch/2; break; case inside_mat : wire_width = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.pitch/2; break; default: wire_width = g_tp.wire_local.pitch/2; break; } wire_spacing = wire_width; wire_width *= (w_scale * 1e-6/2) /* (m) */; wire_spacing *= (s_scale * 1e-6/2) /* (m) */; initialized = 1; init_wire(); wire_width_init = wire_width; wire_spacing_init = wire_spacing; assert(power.readOp.dynamic > 0); assert(power.readOp.leakage > 0); assert(power.readOp.gate_leakage > 0); } Wire::~Wire() { } void Wire::calculate_wire_stats() { if (wire_placement == outside_mat) { wire_width = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.pitch/2; } else if (wire_placement == inside_mat) { wire_width = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.pitch/2; } else { wire_width = g_tp.wire_local.pitch/2; } wire_spacing = wire_width; wire_width *= (w_scale * 1e-6/2) /* (m) */; wire_spacing *= (s_scale * 1e-6/2) /* (m) */; if (wt != Low_swing) { // delay_optimal_wire(); if (wt == Global) { delay = global.delay * wire_length; power.readOp.dynamic = global.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length; power.readOp.leakage = global.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length; power.readOp.gate_leakage = global.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length; repeater_spacing = global.area.w; repeater_size = global.area.h; area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) * compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size, g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def)); } else if (wt == Global_5) { delay = global_5.delay * wire_length; power.readOp.dynamic = global_5.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length; power.readOp.leakage = global_5.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length; power.readOp.gate_leakage = global_5.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length; repeater_spacing = global_5.area.w; repeater_size = global_5.area.h; area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) * compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size, g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def)); } else if (wt == Global_10) { delay = global_10.delay * wire_length; power.readOp.dynamic = global_10.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length; power.readOp.leakage = global_10.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length; power.readOp.gate_leakage = global_10.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length; repeater_spacing = global_10.area.w; repeater_size = global_10.area.h; area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) * compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size, g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def)); } else if (wt == Global_20) { delay = global_20.delay * wire_length; power.readOp.dynamic = global_20.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length; power.readOp.leakage = global_20.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length; power.readOp.gate_leakage = global_20.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length; repeater_spacing = global_20.area.w; repeater_size = global_20.area.h; area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) * compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size, g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def)); } else if (wt == Global_30) { delay = global_30.delay * wire_length; power.readOp.dynamic = global_30.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length; power.readOp.leakage = global_30.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length; power.readOp.gate_leakage = global_30.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length; repeater_spacing = global_30.area.w; repeater_size = global_30.area.h; area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) * compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size, g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def)); } out_rise_time = delay*repeater_spacing/deviceType->Vth; } else if (wt == Low_swing) { low_swing_model (); repeater_spacing = wire_length; repeater_size = 1; } else { assert(0); } } /* * The fall time of an input signal to the first stage of a circuit is * assumed to be same as the fall time of the output signal of two * inverters connected in series (refer: CACTI 1 Technical report, * section 6.1.3) */ double Wire::signal_fall_time () { /* rise time of inverter 1's output */ double rt; /* fall time of inverter 2's output */ double ft; double timeconst; timeconst = (drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + gate_C(min_w_pmos + g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)) * tr_R_on(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1); rt = horowitz (0, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, FALL) / (deviceType->Vdd - deviceType->Vth); timeconst = (drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + gate_C(min_w_pmos + g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)) * tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1); ft = horowitz (rt, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, RISE) / deviceType->Vth; return ft; } double Wire::signal_rise_time () { /* rise time of inverter 1's output */ double ft; /* fall time of inverter 2's output */ double rt; double timeconst; timeconst = (drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + gate_C(min_w_pmos + g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)) * tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1); rt = horowitz (0, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, RISE) / deviceType->Vth; timeconst = (drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + gate_C(min_w_pmos + g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)) * tr_R_on(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1); ft = horowitz (rt, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, FALL) / (deviceType->Vdd - deviceType->Vth); return ft; //sec } /* Wire resistance and capacitance calculations * wire width * * /__/ * | | * | | height = ASPECT_RATIO*wire width (ASPECT_RATIO = 2.2, ref: ITRS) * |__|/ * * spacing between wires in same level = wire width * */ double Wire::wire_cap (double len /* in m */, bool call_from_outside) { //TODO: this should be consistent with the wire_res in technology file double sidewall, adj, tot_cap; double wire_height; double epsilon0 = 8.8542e-12; double aspect_ratio, horiz_dielectric_constant, vert_dielectric_constant, miller_value,ild_thickness; switch (wire_placement) { case outside_mat: { aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.aspect_ratio; horiz_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.horiz_dielectric_constant; vert_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.vert_dielectric_constant; miller_value = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.miller_value; ild_thickness = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.ild_thickness; break; } case inside_mat : { aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.aspect_ratio; horiz_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.horiz_dielectric_constant; vert_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.vert_dielectric_constant; miller_value = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.miller_value; ild_thickness = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.ild_thickness; break; } default: { aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_local.aspect_ratio; horiz_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_local.horiz_dielectric_constant; vert_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_local.vert_dielectric_constant; miller_value = g_tp.wire_local.miller_value; ild_thickness = g_tp.wire_local.ild_thickness; break; } } if (call_from_outside) { wire_width *= 1e-6; wire_spacing *= 1e-6; } wire_height = wire_width/w_scale*aspect_ratio; /* * assuming height does not change. wire_width = width_original*w_scale * So wire_height does not change as wire width increases */ // capacitance between wires in the same level // sidewall = 2*miller_value * horiz_dielectric_constant * (wire_height/wire_spacing) // * epsilon0; sidewall = miller_value * horiz_dielectric_constant * (wire_height/wire_spacing) * epsilon0; // capacitance between wires in adjacent levels //adj = miller_value * vert_dielectric_constant *w_scale * epsilon0; //adj = 2*vert_dielectric_constant *wire_width/(ild_thickness*1e-6) * epsilon0; adj = miller_value *vert_dielectric_constant *wire_width/(ild_thickness*1e-6) * epsilon0; //Change ild_thickness from micron to M //tot_cap = (sidewall + adj + (deviceType->C_fringe * 1e6)); //F/m tot_cap = (sidewall + adj + (g_tp.fringe_cap * 1e6)); //F/m if (call_from_outside) { wire_width *= 1e6; wire_spacing *= 1e6; } return (tot_cap*len); // (F) } double Wire::wire_res (double len /*(in m)*/) { double aspect_ratio,alpha_scatter =1.05, dishing_thickness=0, barrier_thickness=0; //TODO: this should be consistent with the wire_res in technology file //The whole computation should be consistent with the wire_res in technology.cc too! switch (wire_placement) { case outside_mat: { aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.aspect_ratio; break; } case inside_mat : { aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.aspect_ratio; break; } default: { aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_local.aspect_ratio; break; } } return (alpha_scatter * resistivity * 1e-6 * len/((aspect_ratio*wire_width/w_scale-dishing_thickness - barrier_thickness)* (wire_width-2*barrier_thickness))); } /* * Calculates the delay, power and area of the transmitter circuit. * * The transmitter delay is the sum of nand gate delay, inverter delay * low swing nmos delay, and the wire delay * (ref: Technical report 6) */ void Wire::low_swing_model() { double len = wire_length; double beta = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio(); double inputrise = (in_rise_time == 0) ? signal_rise_time() : in_rise_time; /* Final nmos low swing driver size calculation: * Try to size the driver such that the delay * is less than 8FO4. * If the driver size is greater than * the max allowable size, assume max size for the driver. * In either case, recalculate the delay using * the final driver size assuming slow input with * finite rise time instead of ideal step input * * (ref: Technical report 6) */ double cwire = wire_cap(len); /* load capacitance */ double rwire = wire_res(len); #define RES_ADJ (8.6) // Increase in resistance due to low driving vol. double driver_res = (-8*g_tp.FO4/(log(0.5) * cwire))/RES_ADJ; double nsize = R_to_w(driver_res, NCH); nsize = MIN(nsize, g_tp.max_w_nmos_); nsize = MAX(nsize, g_tp.min_w_nmos_); if(rwire*cwire > 8*g_tp.FO4) { nsize = g_tp.max_w_nmos_; } // size the inverter appropriately to minimize the transmitter delay // Note - In order to minimize leakage, we are not adding a set of inverters to // bring down delay. Instead, we are sizing the single gate // based on the logical effort. double st_eff = sqrt((2+beta/1+beta)*gate_C(nsize, 0)/(gate_C(2*g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0) + gate_C(2*min_w_pmos, 0))); double req_cin = ((2+beta/1+beta)*gate_C(nsize, 0))/st_eff; double inv_size = req_cin/(gate_C(min_w_pmos, 0) + gate_C(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)); inv_size = MAX(inv_size, 1); /* nand gate delay */ double res_eq = (2 * tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1)); double cap_eq = 2 * drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + drain_C_(2*g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + gate_C(inv_size*g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0) + gate_C(inv_size*min_w_pmos, 0); double timeconst = res_eq * cap_eq; delay = horowitz(inputrise, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, RISE); double temp_power = cap_eq*deviceType->Vdd*deviceType->Vdd; inputrise = delay / (deviceType->Vdd - deviceType->Vth); /* for the next stage */ /* Inverter delay: * The load capacitance of this inv depends on * the gate capacitance of the final stage nmos * transistor which in turn depends on nsize */ res_eq = tr_R_on(inv_size*min_w_pmos, PCH, 1); cap_eq = drain_C_(inv_size*min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + drain_C_(inv_size*g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + gate_C(nsize, 0); timeconst = res_eq * cap_eq; delay += horowitz(inputrise, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, FALL); temp_power += cap_eq*deviceType->Vdd*deviceType->Vdd; transmitter.delay = delay; transmitter.power.readOp.dynamic = temp_power*2; /* since it is a diff. model*/ transmitter.power.readOp.leakage = deviceType->Vdd * (4 * cmos_Isub_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, min_w_pmos, 2, nand) + 4 * cmos_Isub_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, min_w_pmos, 1, inv)); transmitter.power.readOp.gate_leakage = deviceType->Vdd * (4 * cmos_Ig_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, min_w_pmos, 2, nand) + 4 * cmos_Ig_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, min_w_pmos, 1, inv)); inputrise = delay / deviceType->Vth; /* nmos delay + wire delay */ cap_eq = cwire + drain_C_(nsize, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def)*2 + nsense * sense_amp_input_cap(); //+receiver cap /* * NOTE: nmos is used as both pull up and pull down transistor * in the transmitter. This is because for low voltage swing, drive * resistance of nmos is less than pmos * (for a detailed graph ref: On-Chip Wires: Scaling and Efficiency) */ timeconst = (tr_R_on(nsize, NCH, 1)*RES_ADJ) * (cwire + drain_C_(nsize, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def)*2) + rwire*cwire/2 + (tr_R_on(nsize, NCH, 1)*RES_ADJ + rwire) * nsense * sense_amp_input_cap(); /* * since we are pre-equalizing and overdriving the low * swing wires, the net time constant is less * than the actual value */ delay += horowitz(inputrise, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, .25, 0); #define VOL_SWING .1 temp_power += cap_eq*VOL_SWING*.400; /* .4v is the over drive voltage */ temp_power *= 2; /* differential wire */ l_wire.delay = delay - transmitter.delay; l_wire.power.readOp.dynamic = temp_power - transmitter.power.readOp.dynamic; l_wire.power.readOp.leakage = deviceType->Vdd* (4* cmos_Isub_leakage(nsize, 0, 1, nmos)); l_wire.power.readOp.gate_leakage = deviceType->Vdd* (4* cmos_Ig_leakage(nsize, 0, 1, nmos)); //double rt = horowitz(inputrise, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, // deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, RISE)/deviceType->Vth; delay += g_tp.sense_delay; sense_amp.delay = g_tp.sense_delay; out_rise_time = g_tp.sense_delay/(deviceType->Vth); sense_amp.power.readOp.dynamic = g_tp.sense_dy_power; sense_amp.power.readOp.leakage = 0; //FIXME sense_amp.power.readOp.gate_leakage = 0; power.readOp.dynamic = temp_power + sense_amp.power.readOp.dynamic; power.readOp.leakage = transmitter.power.readOp.leakage + l_wire.power.readOp.leakage + sense_amp.power.readOp.leakage; power.readOp.gate_leakage = transmitter.power.readOp.gate_leakage + l_wire.power.readOp.gate_leakage + sense_amp.power.readOp.gate_leakage; } double Wire::sense_amp_input_cap() { return drain_C_(g_tp.w_iso, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + gate_C(g_tp.w_sense_en + g_tp.w_sense_n, 0) + drain_C_(g_tp.w_sense_n, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + drain_C_(g_tp.w_sense_p, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def); } void Wire::delay_optimal_wire () { double len = wire_length; //double min_wire_width = wire_width; //m double beta = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio(); double switching = 0; // switching energy double short_ckt = 0; // short-circuit energy double tc = 0; // time constant // input cap of min sized driver double input_cap = gate_C(g_tp.min_w_nmos_ + min_w_pmos, 0); // output parasitic capacitance of // the min. sized driver double out_cap = drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def); // drive resistance double out_res = (tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1) + tr_R_on(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1))/2; double wr = wire_res(len); //ohm // wire cap /m double wc = wire_cap(len); // size the repeater such that the delay of the wire is minimum double repeater_scaling = sqrt(out_res*wc/(wr*input_cap)); // len will cancel // calc the optimum spacing between the repeaters (m) repeater_spacing = sqrt(2 * out_res * (out_cap + input_cap)/ ((wr/len)*(wc/len))); repeater_size = repeater_scaling; switching = (repeater_scaling * (input_cap + out_cap) + repeater_spacing * (wc/len)) * deviceType->Vdd * deviceType->Vdd; tc = out_res * (input_cap + out_cap) + out_res * wc/len * repeater_spacing/repeater_scaling + wr/len * repeater_spacing * input_cap * repeater_scaling + 0.5 * (wr/len) * (wc/len)* repeater_spacing * repeater_spacing; delay = 0.693 * tc * len/repeater_spacing; #define Ishort_ckt 65e-6 /* across all tech Ref:Banerjee et al. {IEEE TED} */ short_ckt = deviceType->Vdd * g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * Ishort_ckt * 1.0986 * repeater_scaling * tc; area.set_area((len/repeater_spacing) * compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_scaling, g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_scaling, g_tp.cell_h_def)); power.readOp.dynamic = ((len/repeater_spacing)*(switching + short_ckt)); power.readOp.leakage = ((len/repeater_spacing)* deviceType->Vdd* cmos_Isub_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_scaling, beta*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_scaling, 1, inv)); power.readOp.gate_leakage = ((len/repeater_spacing)* deviceType->Vdd* cmos_Ig_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_scaling, beta*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_scaling, 1, inv)); } // calculate power/delay values for wires with suboptimal repeater sizing/spacing void Wire::init_wire(){ wire_length = 1; delay_optimal_wire(); double sp, si; powerDef pow; si = repeater_size; sp = repeater_spacing; sp *= 1e6; // in microns double i, j, del; repeated_wire.push_back(Component()); for (j=sp; j < 4*sp; j+=100) { for (i = si; i > 1; i--) { pow = wire_model(j*1e-6, i, &del); if (j == sp && i == si) { global.delay = del; global.power = pow; global.area.h = si; global.area.w = sp*1e-6; // m } // cout << "Repeater size - "<< i << // " Repeater spacing - " << j << // " Delay - " << del << // " PowerD - " << pow.readOp.dynamic << // " PowerL - " << pow.readOp.leakage <delay; low_swing.power = l_wire->power; delete l_wire; } void Wire::update_fullswing() { list::iterator citer; double del[4]; del[3] = this->global.delay + this->global.delay*.3; del[2] = global.delay + global.delay*.2; del[1] = global.delay + global.delay*.1; del[0] = global.delay + global.delay*.05; double threshold; double ncost; double cost; int i = 4; while (i>0) { threshold = del[i-1]; cost = BIGNUM; for (citer = repeated_wire.begin(); citer != repeated_wire.end(); citer++) { if (citer->delay > threshold) { citer = repeated_wire.erase(citer); citer --; } else { ncost = citer->power.readOp.dynamic/global.power.readOp.dynamic + citer->power.readOp.leakage/global.power.readOp.leakage; if(ncost < cost) { cost = ncost; if (i == 4) { global_30.delay = citer->delay; global_30.power = citer->power; global_30.area = citer->area; } else if (i==3) { global_20.delay = citer->delay; global_20.power = citer->power; global_20.area = citer->area; } else if(i==2) { global_10.delay = citer->delay; global_10.power = citer->power; global_10.area = citer->area; } else if(i==1) { global_5.delay = citer->delay; global_5.power = citer->power; global_5.area = citer->area; } } } } i--; } } powerDef Wire::wire_model (double space, double size, double *delay) { powerDef ptemp; double len = 1; //double min_wire_width = wire_width; //m double beta = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio(); // switching energy double switching = 0; // short-circuit energy double short_ckt = 0; // time constant double tc = 0; // input cap of min sized driver double input_cap = gate_C (g_tp.min_w_nmos_ + min_w_pmos, 0); // output parasitic capacitance of // the min. sized driver double out_cap = drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) + drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def); // drive resistance double out_res = (tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1) + tr_R_on(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1))/2; double wr = wire_res(len); //ohm // wire cap /m double wc = wire_cap(len); repeater_spacing = space; repeater_size = size; switching = (repeater_size * (input_cap + out_cap) + repeater_spacing * (wc/len)) * deviceType->Vdd * deviceType->Vdd; tc = out_res * (input_cap + out_cap) + out_res * wc/len * repeater_spacing/repeater_size + wr/len * repeater_spacing * out_cap * repeater_size + 0.5 * (wr/len) * (wc/len)* repeater_spacing * repeater_spacing; *delay = 0.693 * tc * len/repeater_spacing; #define Ishort_ckt 65e-6 /* across all tech Ref:Banerjee et al. {IEEE TED} */ short_ckt = deviceType->Vdd * g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * Ishort_ckt * 1.0986 * repeater_size * tc; ptemp.readOp.dynamic = ((len/repeater_spacing)*(switching + short_ckt)); ptemp.readOp.leakage = ((len/repeater_spacing)* deviceType->Vdd* cmos_Isub_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_size, beta*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_size, 1, inv)); ptemp.readOp.gate_leakage = ((len/repeater_spacing)* deviceType->Vdd* cmos_Ig_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_size, beta*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_size, 1, inv)); return ptemp; } void Wire::print_wire() { cout << "\nWire Properties:\n\n"; cout << " Delay Optimal\n\tRepeater size - "<< global.area.h << " \n\tRepeater spacing - " << global.area.w*1e3 << " (mm)" " \n\tDelay - " << global.delay*1e6 << " (ns/mm)" " \n\tPowerD - " << global.power.readOp.dynamic *1e6<< " (nJ/mm)" " \n\tPowerL - " << global.power.readOp.leakage << " (mW/mm)" " \n\tPowerLgate - " << global.power.readOp.gate_leakage << " (mW/mm)\n"; cout << "\tWire width - " <